The protocol
Every number on this site has a method behind it
Manufacturer range figures come from a light rider, flat ground, no wind and the lowest assist setting. They are not lies, but they describe a ride nobody takes. Here is what we do instead.
Protocol version 3 · in force since March 2026
The fixed loop
Range is measured on one 12 km circuit we ride for everything: four kilometres of 50 km/h arterial road, five of stop-start town traffic with 21 signalled junctions, and three of river path with 140 metres of cumulative climbing. Rider weight is 78 kg with a 4 kg bag. Tyres are set to the pressure printed on the sidewall. The assist level is the highest the machine offers, because that is the setting people actually use once the novelty wears off.
We ride the loop until the pack cuts out or drops below the point where assist becomes token, then divide. Cold-weather figures, when we quote them, come from the same loop between 4 °C and 8 °C.
Braking
Ten stops from 25 km/h on dry asphalt and ten on wet, measured from first lever movement to standstill, taken in sequence with no cooling pause. A machine that stops in 3.4 metres on run one and 4.9 metres on run eight has a fade problem, and the review says so. Anything sold with mechanical discs gets an extra set of runs after a week of rain, because that is when cable brakes reveal themselves.
Four weeks, not a press ride
Nothing is scored on a launch day. Every vehicle spends at least four weeks as somebody’s actual transport: locked to real racks, left out in real weather, charged from a real wall socket in a real hallway. That is where the failures that matter show up — the mudguard that rattles loose, the display that washes out in direct sun, the folding latch that needs two hands and a knee.
What the score weighs
- Ride and handling — 25%Stability at speed, behaviour over broken surfaces, what the motor does when you need it to do nothing.
- Measured range — 20%Our loop figure against the claim, and how honest the battery gauge is about the last 20%.
- Brakes and safety — 20%Stopping distance, fade, lighting that actually lights the road rather than announcing your presence.
- Build and serviceability — 20%Fastener quality, cable routing, whether a local shop can get parts, whether the battery is replaceable at all.
- Value — 15%What it costs the week we publish, against what else that money buys. This is the component most likely to move a score later.
Money and independence
We buy most of what we test. When a manufacturer lends a machine we say so in the review, we keep it for the full four weeks, and we return it. We do not accept payment for a review, we do not send drafts to manufacturers, and no brand has ever seen a score before publication.
Some outbound product links may earn a commission. The commission is identical whether the score is a 4.1 or a 9.2, which is the only arrangement that makes the scores worth reading.
When we get it wrong
Corrections appear on the review itself, dated, rather than quietly. If a firmware update or a recall changes what a machine is, we re-test and move the score, and the review notes the old number.
Nothing on this site is personalised financial, medical or legal advice. Check your local rules before riding anything here on a public road — the legal power and speed limits for electric bikes and scooters differ sharply between countries, and in several they differ between a cycle path and a carriageway.